Warning signs after a liver transplant (2024)


What to watch out for after a liver transplant and when to seek medical advice

Key points

  • Common issues you might experience are rejection, infection and bile duct complications
  • Problems are often first detected through blood tests or routine biopsies at your clinic appointments
  • Make sure you attend all your scheduled appointments so your transplant team can monitor your progress

When to seek medical advice

Please contact your transplant team if you experience any of the following:

  • A high temperature of 38 degrees C or above
  • Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)
  • Pain in your abdomen (tummy)
  • Feeling hot and shivery
  • Severe headache
  • Diarrhoea
  • Vomiting
  • Shortness of breath
  • New chest pain
  • Fatigue or generally feeling ‘rough’
  • Little or no urine

Make sure you attend all your clinic appointments

Often early signs of liver rejection are picked up through blood tests at your regular clinic visits. This is why it’s so important to attend all your appointments.

Rejection

Rejection is your body’s response to having a transplanted liver. The immunosuppressantmedicines will help to stop you rejecting the organ. But many transplant patients still experience rejection. This is usually mild and can be treated with different medications.

Learn more about rejection

Infection

Infections are very common immediately after surgery. Infections can also occur in the months or years after a transplant. This is partly due to the immunosuppressantmedicines that lower your immune system. Chest and urinary infections are the most common infections and can be treated with antibiotics and antivirals. Serious infections are rare.

Learn more about infections

Bile duct problems

Bile duct are small ‘drainage pipes’ that run throughout your liver. They carry digestive juices (bile) from your liver to your gall bladder and small intestine. Around 15-20in 100patients develop bile duct complications after a liver transplant.

Learn about bile duct complications

More information

Warning signs after a liver transplant (2024)

FAQs

Warning signs after a liver transplant? ›

On average, most people who receive LT live for more than 10 years. Many may live for up to 20 years or more after the transplant. A study says 90% of people with transplant survive for at least 1 year, and 70% of people may live for at least 5 years after transplant.

What is the average life expectancy after a liver transplant? ›

On average, most people who receive LT live for more than 10 years. Many may live for up to 20 years or more after the transplant. A study says 90% of people with transplant survive for at least 1 year, and 70% of people may live for at least 5 years after transplant.

What are the do's and don'ts after a liver transplant? ›

After your liver transplant, it's important to eat a nutritious, balanced diet to help encourage your transplant to work well. Aim for at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a day and plenty of wholegrain foods that are high in fibre. Avoid too much sugar, saturated fats and salt.

What are the long term effects of liver transplant? ›

A liver transplant can affect your kidney function. A small number of patients may require temporary dialysis in the early days after the operation. Chronic or long-term kidney problems can occur in up to 40% of patients. This may be due to the immunosuppressant medication you need to take.

How long does it take to fully recover from a liver transplant? ›

Expect six months or more of recovery time before you'll feel fully healed after your liver transplant surgery. You may be able to resume normal activities or go back to work a few months after surgery. How long it takes you to recover may depend on how ill you were before your liver transplant.

What is the leading cause of death after a liver transplant? ›

Deaths from cirrhosis and liver failure accounted for a high proportion of deaths within 1 year after transplantation, and deaths from malignant tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma were high among late-stage deaths.

How does your personality change after liver transplant? ›

It's normal to feel a rollercoaster of emotions

Having a liver transplant is an emotional experience. Some patients find it very stressful and feel guilty and depressed, while others feel overjoyed. Sometimes, the new medicines you'll need to take for the transplant can change your mood.

What foods should you avoid after liver transplant? ›

What should I avoid eating after my liver transplant?
  • water from lakes and rivers.
  • unpasteurized milk products.
  • raw or undercooked. eggs. meats, particularly pork and poultry. fish and other seafood.

What is a major health concern after a liver transplant? ›

After a liver transplant, more than 1 in every 10 people experience a problem affecting their biliary tract, such as a bile leak or an obstruction caused by scar tissue in the bile ducts. If you have a bile leak, the bile may need to be removed from the abdomen by inserting a drainage tube.

What is the most critical time after liver transplant? ›

The first three months following transplantation are the most difficult. The body is adjusting to the "new" liver and all the medications needed to maintain its health.

What is the maximum age for liver transplant? ›

Is there an age limit for liver transplantation? The age limit is individualized as it varies with a patient's overall health condition. However, it is rare to offer liver transplant to someone greater than 70 years old.

What is the quality of life after a liver transplant? ›

In transplant recipients QOL remains to be improved, but generally they have a good QOL. Liver transplant recipients and also their caregivers have a good QOL. QOL in transplant recipients returns to excellent levels, similarly to a control group population.

What are the mental problems after a liver transplant? ›

Patients after liver transplantation are often impacted by mental and even neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, sleep disorders, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychiatric sequelae have an adverse impact on rehabilitation and can even incapacitate people, reducing their quality of life.

What medications should I avoid after a liver transplant? ›

A liver transplant recipient should not take acetaminophen (Tylenol) or aspirin for a fever unless his or her transplant coordinator approves the use of the drug.

What are the digestive problems after liver transplant? ›

These complications may range from mild to moderate disease, such as diarrhea or nausea, to more severe, life-threatening ones, such as colon perforation, digestive bleeding, or others. The most frequent GI complications are related to medications, infections, or exacerbations of preexistent GI pathology.

How long do liver transplant survivors live? ›

However, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) list the following average survival rates for people who have had liver transplant surgery from a deceased donor: 86 percent still alive 1 year after surgery. 78 percent still alive 3 years after surgery.

What is the longest someone has lived after a liver transplant? ›

How long will my liver transplant last? Liver transplant can have excellent outcomes. Recipients have been known to live a normal life over 30 years after the operation.

What percentage of liver transplant patients are alive after five years? ›

According to a study , people who have a liver transplant have an 89% percent chance of living after one year. The five-year survival rate is 75 percent .

Is there a cutoff age for liver transplant? ›

Is there an age limit for liver transplantation? The age limit is individualized as it varies with a patient's overall health condition. However, it is rare to offer liver transplant to someone greater than 70 years old.

Can your body reject a liver transplant years later? ›

Different types of rejection need different treatments. The risk of rejection is commonest in the first 6 months after liver transplant (early). Beyond this, as long as patients remember to take their prescribed immune suppression, at the correct dosage, late rejection is much less common.

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