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MCAT Biology Help » Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Metabolism » Biochemistry and Metabolism » Glycolysis
Example Question #1 : Glycolysis
Which cell in the human body only uses glycolysis for ATP production?
Possible Answers:
Neuron
Erythrocyte
Myocyte
Hepatocyte
Correct answer:
Erythrocyte
Explanation:
Erythrocytes (red blood cells) have no mitochondria, and thus cannot use oxidative phosphorylation to produce additional ATP from pyruvate derived from glycolysis.
Liver cells (hepatocytes), neurons, and muscle cells (myocytes) can derive some ATP from glycolysis, but then feed the resulting pyruvate into the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria for additional energy production.
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Example Question #1 : Glycolysis
Which of the following biological processes will occur under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions in humans?
Possible Answers:
Citric acid cycle
Fermentation
Glycolysis
All of the these processes occur in both environments
Krebs cycle
Correct answer:
Glycolysis
Explanation:
The correct answer is glycolysis. Fermentation is a pathway that requires anaerobic conditions to activate. The citric acid cycle and Krebs cycle are two terms for the same process, and require aerobic conditions to proceed. Glycolysis has pathways that account for situations both in the presence and absence of oxygen.
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Example Question #1 : Biochemistry And Metabolism
Which statement about glycolysis is correct?
Possible Answers:
Glycolysis cannot proceed under anaerobic conditions
A proton gradient is established across the mitochondrial membrane
Resulting pyruvate molecules are always directly incorporated into the Krebs cycle
Three molecules ofNADH2and one molecule of FADH2are produced
Two net molecules of ATP are produced through substrate-level phosphorylation
Correct answer:
Two net molecules of ATP are produced through substrate-level phosphorylation
Explanation:
In glycolysis, four ATP molecules made from each unit of glucose, however, two ATP molecules are used during this process, so thenet result of one round of glycolysis is two ATP molecules. These products are made via substrate-level phosphorylation, a process in which a phosphorylated molecule transfers its phosphate to ADP or GDP (producing ATP or GTP).
The other choices are incorrect. ThreeNADH2and one FADH2are made in one round of the Krebs cycle, not glycolysis. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process and takes place in the cytoplasm, not the mitochondria. Finally, pyruvate products do not necessarily have to enter the Krebs cycle—they can be metabolized anaerobically if insufficient oxygen is present.
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Example Question #4 : Glycolysis
Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?
Possible Answers:
Acetyl CoA
O2
GTP
Glucose
NADH
Correct answer:
NADH
Explanation:
In glycolysis, one glucose molecule and two NAD+ molecules yield two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of ATP, and two molecules of NADH.
Acetyl CoA is formed from pyruvate at the beginning fo the Krebs cycle. GTP is a product of the Krebs cycle. Oxygen and glucose are both reactants in metabolic processes that are derived from external intake (respiration and digestion).
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Example Question #5 : Glycolysis
Given the process of glycolysis, which of the following would serve to allosterically inhibit the rate of glycolysis?
Possible Answers:
Increased fructose
Increased oxygen
Decreased ATP
Increased glucose
Increased ATP
Correct answer:
Increased ATP
Explanation:
The product of glycolysis is ATP, and each cycle gives a net of two ATP, thus if there were already high levels of ATP in the body, glycolysis would not have to occur as frequently since the body's energy demands are already being met. High levels of ATP would serve as an allosteric inhibitor.
Decreased ATP and increased glucose would increase the rate of glycolysis. Increased oxygen or fructose may indirectly increase the rate of glycolysis, depending on other cellular factors.
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Example Question #3 : Glycolysis
Which of the following products is not created by glycolysis?
Possible Answers:
Pyruvate
NADH
ATP
Lactic acid
Correct answer:
Lactic acid
Explanation:
Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration. It is responsible for the production of two ATP molecules, two pyruvate molecules, and two NADH molecules. Lactic acid is a byproduct of anaerobic respiration in skeletal muscle.
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Example Question #1 : Glycolysis
What is the location of glycolysis?
Possible Answers:
The cytosol
The outer mitochondrial membrane
The intermembrane space
The mitochondrial matrix
Correct answer:
The cytosol
Explanation:
The first step of respiration is glycolysis. All of the steps of glycolysis take place in the cytosol of the cell; this allows prykarotes to perform glycolysis, as well as eukaryotes.
Once pyruvate is generated from glycolysis, it is transported to the mitochondria to complete the citric acid cycle. The electron transport chain, the final step of cellular respiration, is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane, and utilizes the proton gradient in the intermembrane space.
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Example Question #4 : Glycolysis
Which of the following is not true of glycolysis?
Possible Answers:
It is anaerobic
It produces NADH
It occurs in the cytoplasm
It produces four net ATP
It requires an input of ATP to begin
Correct answer:
It produces four net ATP
Explanation:
Glycolysis produces four total ATP molecules, but only produces two net ATP. The process requires an initial investment of two ATP to initiate the glycolysis pathway. By using two ATP and producing four, there is a net production of two ATP.
Glycolysis is an anaerobic process that occurs in the cytoplasm. In addition to making ATP, glycolysis also generates NADH, which goes to play a role in the electron transport chain.
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Example Question #1 : Glycolysis
Which of the following is not a product in the net reaction for glycolysis?
Possible Answers:
ATP
ADP
Pyruvate
Water
NADH
Correct answer:
ADP
Explanation:
The glycolysis reaction follows two step. The initiation requires the input of two ATP, which become converted to ADP. Later in the process, however, four ADP are required to produce four ATP products. ADP is consumed in a greater quantity than it is produced, eliminating it from the net products.
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Example Question #1 : Glycolysis
What type of enzyme is responsible for initiating the process of glycolysis?
Possible Answers:
Hydrolase
Kinase
Phosphorylase
Phosphotase
Correct answer:
Kinase
Explanation:
The initial reactants for glycolysis are glucose, ATP, ADP, and NAD+. The final products are pyruvate, ATP, ADP, and NADH. To get from glucose to pyruvate, a number of enzymes are needed. While knowing the names of each enzyme is not usually necessary, it is important to have a general understanding of the glycolytic process. The first step is phosphorylation of the reactant glucose, which is accomplished by hexokinase in most cells, and by gluco*kinase in the liver and pancreas specifically. The resultant glucose-6-phosphate then continues through the remaining steps in glycolysis to produce pyruvate.
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