Alcohol That We Drink Comes From Sugars and Starches (2024)

Beer, wine, and distilled spirits are made from plant materials

Alcohol That We Drink Comes From Sugars and Starches (1)

By

Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Chemistry Expert

  • Ph.D., Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville
  • B.A., Physics and Mathematics, Hastings College

Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences and is a science writer, educator, and consultant. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels.

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Updated on May 06, 2019

The alcohol that you can drink, called ethyl alcohol or ethanol, is produced by fermenting carbohydrates, such as sugars and starches. Fermentation is an anaerobic process used by yeast to convert sugars into energy. Ethanol and carbon dioxide are waste products of the reaction. The reaction for the fermentation of glucose to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide is:

C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

The fermented product (e.g., wine) can be used, or it can be distilled to concentrate and purify the alcohol (e.g., vodka, tequila).

Where Does Alcohol Come From?

Just about any plant matter can be used to produce alcohol. Here are the source materials for several popular alcoholic beverages:

  • Ale:Fermented from malt with hops
  • Beer:Brewed and fermented from malted cereal grain (e.g., barley), flavored with hops
  • Bourbon:Whiskey distilled from a mash of not less than 51 percent corn and aged in new charred oak barrels for at least two years
  • Brandy:Distilled from wine or fermented fruit juice
  • Cognac:Brandy distilled from white wine from a specific region of France
  • Gin:Distilled or redistilled neutral grain spirits from a variety of sources, flavored with juniper berries and other aromatics
  • Rum:Distilled from a sugarcane product such as molasses or sugarcane juice
  • Sake:Produced by a brewing process using rice
  • Scotch:Whiskey distilled in Scotland typically from malted barley
  • Tequila:A Mexican liquor distilled from blue agave
  • Vodka:Distilled from a mash of potatoes, rye, or wheat
  • Whiskey:Distilled from a mash of grain such as rye, corn, or barley
  • Wine:Fermented juice of fresh grapes and/or other fruit (e.g., blackberry wine)

Any material that contains sugars or starches could be used as a starting point for fermentation to produce alcohol.

Difference Between Distilled Spirits and Fermented Beverages

Although all alcohol is produced from fermentation, some beverages are further purified via distillation. Fermented beverages are consumed as is, possibly after filtration to remove sediments. The fermentation of grain (beer) and grapes (wine) can produce other byproducts, including toxic methanol, but they are present in low enough amounts that they don't typically cause health problems.

Distilled beverages, called "spirits," start out as fermented beverages, but then distillation occurs. The liquid is heated at a carefully controlled temperature to separate components of the mixture based on their boiling points. The portion that boils at a lower temperature than ethanol is called the "heads." Methanol is one of the components removed with the "heads." The ethanol boils next, to be recovered and bottled. At a higher temperature, the "tails" boil. Some of the "tails" may be included in the final product because these chemicals add unique flavor. Sometimes additional ingredients (coloring and flavoring) are added to distilled spirits to make the final product.

Fermented beverages usually have a lower alcohol content than spirits. A typical spirit is 80 proof, which is 40 percent alcohol by volume. Distillation may be considered a method of improving the purity of alcohol and of concentrating it. However, because water and ethanol form an azeotrope, 100 percent pure alcohol can't be obtained by simple distillation. The highest purity of ethanol that can be obtained by distillation is called absolute alcohol.

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Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Where Do Alcoholic Beverages Come From?" ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/where-does-alcohol-come-from-3975928.Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. (2020, August 26). Where Do Alcoholic Beverages Come From? Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/where-does-alcohol-come-from-3975928Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Where Do Alcoholic Beverages Come From?" ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/where-does-alcohol-come-from-3975928 (accessed December 5, 2022).

Alcohol That We Drink Comes From Sugars and Starches (2024)

FAQs

What alcoholic drink is made from sugar? ›

Rum is made from Sugar; So are Bourbon, Vodka & Tequila.

Is alcohol made from starch? ›

Many alcoholic beverages are based on material containing starch. Enzymes break down starch into glucose molecules through fermentation, which is then converted into ethanol.

What alcohol is made from sugar and yeast? ›

Ethanol: Alcohol that is the metabolic product of yeast in the wine and beer making. Specifically, it is produced by the yeast during fermentation. Fermentation: The process by which yeast converts sugars into alcohol and CO2.

What is alcohol made from cane sugar called? ›

Cachaça (Portuguese pronunciation: [kaˈʃasɐ]) is a distilled spirit made from fermented sugarcane juice. Also known as pinga, caninha, and other names, it is the most popular spirit among distilled alcoholic beverages in Brazil.

What is vodka made from? ›

Traditionally, vodka is made from grain - rye being the most common - which is combined with water and heated. Yeast is then added to the pulp, initiating fermentation and converting sugars into alcohol. Now the distillation process can begin.

What alcohol is made from potatoes? ›

Vodka is traditionally made from potatoes or fermented cereal grains. Some brands also make it from other substances like fruit or sugar. One of the most used and loved alcoholic drink, vodka is either consumed neat or as co*cktails like Martini, Bloody Mary and Cosmopolitan.

What alcohol is made from starch? ›

Vodka is a distilled beverage that can be made from any starch or sugar-rich fermentable agricultural material. Traditionally made from potatoes, most vodka today is produced from grains such as sorghum, corn, rye or wheat and molasses.

Is beer made from starch? ›

The basic ingredients of beer are water; a starch source, such as malted barley, able to be fermented (converted into alcohol); a brewer's yeast to produce the fermentation; and a flavouring, such as hops, to offset the sweetness of the malt.

What starch is used for alcohol? ›

cerevisiae is known for its role in food production. It is the critical component in the fermentation process that converts sugar into ethyl alcohol (ethanol), an ingredient shared in beer, wine and distilled beverages.

Is all vodka made from potatoes? ›

There is a very common misconception that most or all vodka is made from potatoes. In reality it's a tiny fraction (I heard 1% at one point), while the rest is made mostly from grains (though some is from sugar byproducts, grapes, or even milk whey).

Which vodka is made from potatoes? ›

Luksusowa, Polish for “luxury”, is a vodka distilled from potatoes. The vodka is copper column-distilled and rectified before adding water to bring to 40% ABV.

Is Absolut vodka made from potatoes? ›

The main ingredients in Absolut Vodka are water and winter wheat. The water comes from a deep well in Åhus where it's protected from impurities. Winter wheat differs from other crops: it's sown in fall, and harvested the next one. Days in between it grows under the Swedish snow developing its hard grain.

What is another name for sugar alcohol? ›

Sugar alcohols, also know as polyols, are ingredients used as sweeteners and bulking agents. They occur naturally in foods and come from plant products such as fruits and berries.

What type of alcohol is in white claw? ›

Despite the lighter-than-air connotations of “seltzer,” the product is in fact malt liquor. Like Colt 45 or Smirnoff Ice, it's derived from fermented malted grains, then carbonated, sweetened and flavored with artificial additives. For those counting calories, the original White Claw isn't actually all that impressive.

What is moonshine made from? ›

The traditional ingredients for moonshine are corn and sugar, and during fermentation, the sugar produces ethanol, which makes hooch or moonshine. During distillation, alcohol separates from the mash.

What is tequila made from? ›

Tequila is a distilled beverage made from the blue agave plant. The drink is typically composed of 40% – 60% alcohol by volume (80 – 120 proof) and is made in Mexico. Tequila is made from the heart of the agave plant, which is called the piña.

What is rum made from? ›

Most rums are made from molasses, the residue remaining after sugar has been crystallized from sugarcane juice, containing as much as 5 percent sugar. Some countries import molasses for use in rum production. Where sugar industries are undeveloped, rum is often made with sugarcane juice.

What is bourbon made from? ›

For a whiskey to be considered Bourbon, its mash – the mixture of grains from which the product is distilled – must contain at least 51% corn. The rest of the mash is usually filled out with rye or wheat, and malted barley.

What alcohol is made from rice? ›

sake, also spelled saké, Japanese alcoholic beverage made from fermented rice. Sake is light in colour, is noncarbonated, has a sweet flavour, and contains about 14 to 16 percent alcohol.

What is GREY Goose vodka made from? ›

GREY GOOSE vodka is distilled in the gastronomy capital of the world, France, using the traditions of the Maître de Chai with only two ingredients – single-origin Picardie winter wheat and natural spring water.

Is Grey Goose vodka made from potatoes? ›

It's entirely wheat-based.

There are commercial vodkas made from potatoes, grapes, rye, and mixed grains that include barley. Grey Goose uses soft winter wheat sourced from Picardy, a grain-growing region in northern France that's often referred to as the nation's breadbasket.

Is Smirnoff vodka made from potatoes? ›

If you're looking for a delicious vodka to sip on, you may be wondering if Smirnoff is made from potatoes. The answer is no, Smirnoff vodka is not made from potatoes. However, it is made from a grain called rye. rye is a type of grass that is commonly used in baking and brewing.

Is Tito's vodka made from potatoes? ›

Our vodka is distilled from corn, so it's naturally gluten-free. Tito's Handmade Vodka is certified Gluten-Free by the Gluten-Free Certification Organization. Some folks add a bit of mash back into the spirit after distillation, which could add gluten, but we don't do that.

What whiskey is made from potatoes? ›

Poteen (or poitin), usually made from potatoes or grain, dates from the 17th century. Meaning 'little pot', the spirit's name refers to the tiny, home-made stills in which it is normally produced.

Is beer a starch or sugar? ›

Starch, a large-molecule carbohydrate used in making beer. To make any alcoholic beverage, there must be sugar present for yeast to ferment.

What are the 3 main ingredients in beer? ›

Beer is made from four things: grains, hops, yeast and water.

What starch is in vodka? ›

Vodka contains zero carbohydrates. Though it is made from foods rich in carbohydrates, such as potatoes or wheat, the fermentation and distillation process strips these foods of nearly all of their nutrients, including carbohydrates. Most of the sugars and starches in the original foods are converted into ethanol.

Is ethanol made from starch? ›

Most ethanol in the United States is produced from starch-based crops by dry- or wet-mill processing. Nearly 90% of ethanol plants are dry mills due to lower capital costs. Dry-milling is a process that grinds corn into flour and ferments it into ethanol with co-products of distillers grains and carbon dioxide.

What creates alcohol in whiskey? ›

Mashing breaks down the starch in the barley into sugars, producing a sugary liquid called wort which can be used in the next stage of the process. This is where fermentation comes in. Yeast is added to the wort, which turns the sugars into alcohol; the exact yeast used can also have an effect on the final taste.

Is Tequila made from potatoes? ›

Tequila is a distilled spirit made from the Weber blue agave plant that grows in Mexico. The blue agave plant has huge spikes that come up from a central core that is called the pina. After the leaves are removed, the pina is the part of the plant that is used to make tequila.

Is gin made from potatoes? ›

Gin must be a neutral spirit distilled from something natural like wheat, barley, potatoes or grapes.

What is Smirnoff vodka made from? ›

Smirnoff Vodka is distilled from corn, making it gluten-free. Smirnoff offers over 35 different flavored vodkas.

What brand of gin is made from potatoes? ›

Jackford Irish Potato Gin is the first distilled spirit from Stafford Irish Spirits. It was created by John Stafford to use the surplus potatoes that don't meet retail requirements and to reduce waste on the Stafford family farm in Enniscorthy in South East Ireland.

Is Stolichnaya a potato vodka? ›

Stolichnaya (Russian: Столичная) is a vodka made of wheat and rye grain. It originated in the Soviet Union in 1938. There are two versions of the vodka, the version found outside Russia is made in Latvia, while the version found inside Russia is made there.

What is the least harmful alcoholic drink? ›

Take a look at this list of the least-damaging alcoholic drinks from Legends at White Oak to help you drink consciously.
  • Red Wine. ...
  • Light Beer. ...
  • Tequila. ...
  • Gin & Rum & Vodka & Whiskey.
Mar 7, 2021

Is SKYY Vodka potato or grain? ›

SKYY Vodka is made from 100% American grain spirits. All of the vodka brands on the market are based on potatoes, with Grey Goose, Smirnoff, Stolichnaya, and Ketel One serving as examples. Russian potato vodka is not available on the market.

Is Ketel one made from potatoes? ›

Ketel One Vodka is distilled from 100% wheat in copper pot stills, filtered over loose charcoal, and rests in tile-lined tanks until ready.

Is Costco vodka made from potatoes? ›

Kirkland vodka is not made of potatoes. It is made of grains, whereby Kirkland American is presumed to be made of corn and Kirkland French of winter wheat. The Kirkland American uses corn from the Midwest of the United States, and Kirkland French uses winter wheat from France.

What do sugar alcohols do to your body? ›

Because these sugar substitutes are not digested in the same way as sugar, they aren't fully absorbed by the body as they pass through. Instead, small intestine bacteria ferment these carbohydrates, causing indigestion. You can get gas, bloating and diarrhea from sugar alcohol sweeteners.

Does sugar turn into alcohol in the body? ›

As it turns out, sugar and alcohol are metabolised virtually identically in the liver. You get alcohol from fermentation of sugar, so it makes sense that when you overload the liver with either one, you get the same diseases.

Is sugar alcohol worse than sugar? ›

Sugar alcohols are about 25–100% as sweet as sugar, but they're lower in calories and don't have the same negative effects as regular sugar, such as promoting tooth decay and significantly raising blood sugar levels ( 2 ).

What kind of alcohol is in egg nog? ›

While brandy is the most traditional alcohol to add in for eggnog, according to traditional recipes, you can also use a mixture of dark rum and Cognac. If you like your eggnog a little more boozy, you can also add bourbon, but we recommend sticking to rum and Cognac to preserve the 'nog's flavors.

Is White Claw just vodka? ›

White Claw is not vodka or beer.

White Claw is a flavored malt beverage (FMB). It's made with “a blend of seltzer water, its gluten-free alcohol base, and a hint of fruit flavor,” a brand representative tells VinePair.

What kind of alcohol is in Mike's Hard Lemonade? ›

Mike's Hard Lemonade may be a punchline in the drinks world, but the brand's success is no joke. After launching a blend of vodka, natural juices, and soda water in Canada in 1996, the company jumped stateside in 1999 and swapped out the vodka for a malt base.

What is whisky made of? ›

Whiskey is made of a mash of fermented grains, typically barley, rye, or wheat. The mash is then distilled to create the spirit. Depending on the type of whiskey being made, the distillation process may vary slightly, but the basic steps are generally the same.

Is moonshine made in a toilet? ›

While prison hooch has widely been called toilet wine, fermentation doesn't actually happen in bathrooms. The process requires a well-sealed container, like a bag or sock, and those containers need to be kept in a warm location well hidden from view, to avoid detection by corrections officers.

Is Everclear the same as moonshine? ›

What's the Difference Between Everclear and Moonshine? Both Everclear and Moonshine are unaged spirits; however, Everclear is made from grain and Moonshine from corn. Everclear is a brand name of a neutral-tasting, very potent grain alcohol. Moonshine is a general term used to describe illegally produced corn whiskey.

Which alcoholic drink has the most sugar? ›

Rankco*cktailPercentage of daily sugar intake in one serving
1.Pimm's84.3 per cent
2.Espresso Martini83.3 per cent
3.Moscow Mule76.7 per cent
4.Sangria73.3 per cent
16 more rows
Jun 4, 2021

What is the most commonly used sugar alcohol? ›

Xylitol is one of the most commonly used sugar alcohols because its taste closely mimics that of sugar. It's a common ingredient in sugar-free chewing gums, mints, and oral care products like toothpaste. Xylitol is the sweetest of all sugar alcohols but has about 40% fewer calories than regular sugar.

Is vodka made with sugar? ›

There is zero sugar in vodka. All of the sugar content is “consumed” in the fermentation process. Technically, all alcohol requires a base of sugar substances (sucrose). Ethyl alcohol (the alcohol in vodka) is the result of yeast feeding on sugars (sucrose) which produces ethyl and CO2.

What drink has the most sugar? ›

Soft Drinks – Everyone knows these contain sugar, but that amount varies. A 355 ml can of Coca-Cola has 10 teaspoons of sugar (39 grams), while a Mountain Dew has over 11 (47 grams). Fountain Drinks – These are big!
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Apr 21, 2017

What's the healthiest alcohol? ›

However, if you are going to drink, having red wine in moderation is a healthier choice than other alcoholic drinks. This is due to its high levels of antioxidants called polyphenols, which have been linked to better heart and gut health.

What is the healthiest liquor to drink? ›

By themselves, "clear liquors like vodka and gin have the fewest calories and the least amount of sugar," says Amy Shapiro, R.D. That means they're easier for our bodies to metabolize and may result in less intense hangovers for some people.

What alcohol has no sugar or carbs? ›

Pure alcohol like rum, vodka, gin, tequila, and whiskey contains no carbs.

Why are sugar alcohols not good for you? ›

Because these sugar substitutes are not digested in the same way as sugar, they aren't fully absorbed by the body as they pass through. Instead, small intestine bacteria ferment these carbohydrates, causing indigestion. You can get gas, bloating and diarrhea from sugar alcohol sweeteners.

Are sugar alcohols better for you than sugar? ›

The bottom line

Sugar alcohols have fewer calories and are better for dental health than regular sugar. However, you should still eat them in moderation. If you are sensitive to sugar alcohols, it may be best to limit or avoid them.

Are sugar alcohols healthy? ›

Sugar alcohols can be part of a healthy eating plan when you need to manage diabetes. Unlike artificial sweeteners, sugar alcohols are a kind of carb and can raise blood sugar levels, though not as much as sugar. You'll need to count carbs and calories from sugar alcohols in your overall meal plan.

What is tequila made of? ›

Tequila is a distilled beverage made from the blue agave plant. The drink is typically composed of 40% – 60% alcohol by volume (80 – 120 proof) and is made in Mexico. Tequila is made from the heart of the agave plant, which is called the piña.

Is tequila made with sugar? ›

Tequila is made from natural sugar, agave nectar, whereas other spirits can be distilled with refined sugars that may be high in calories or processed corn syrup. Quality tequila, like Casa Mexico Tequila, has no added preservatives or artificial colors.

What is the least sugary alcoholic drink? ›

If you're looking to go low sugar, then there are some basic approaches you can take. Your best bet is to stick with hard spirits like gin, vodka, whiskey and rum, but watch your mixer. Wine is a good option, but it's best to go for a red or a dry white. Beer might be good for low sugar, but it can be high in calories.

What 3 drinks have the most sugar? ›

3 Drinks That Have Way More Sugar Than You Think
  • Orange Juice – 24g (6 teaspoons) of sugar per 8 oz. serving. ...
  • Sports Drinks – 14g (3.5 teaspoons) of sugar per 8 oz. serving. ...
  • Iced Tea – 24g (6 teaspoons) of sugar per 8 oz. serving.

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