The term “population” basically refers to the number of people living in a specific area, like a city or town, a country, a region, a continent, or the entire world. A census, which is the act of collecting, analysing, assembling, and disseminating statistics about a population, is commonly used by governments to determine the amount of the resident people within their jurisdiction.
Few features of human society are as important as population size, composition, and rate of change. Population changes have an impact on health, economic prosperity, family structure, education, crime patterns, language, culture, and nearly every facet of human society. There is no straightforward relationship between environment change and population size. However, as the world’s population grows, the restrictions on global resources such as arable forests, land, potable water, and fisheries have become more apparent. Decreased acreage in the second half of the twentieth century contributed to growing concerns about global food production limits. In the twenty-first century, assuming constant rates of production, per capita land requirements for food production will approach the limitations of arable land. Similarly, ongoing population expansion occurs in the context of increasing water demand: between 1900 and 1995, global water consumption increased sixfold, almost double the rate of population growth.
Population Growth and Environment
The enormous increase in the number of persons on the planet is referred to as population growth. Our population numbers were largely steady for the majority of human history. Food, water, energy and medical care became more accessible and reliable as a result of invention and industrialisation. As a result, the worldwide human population grew swiftly and further continues to grow, with dramatic effects on global climate and ecosystems. As people adjust to and mitigate climate and environmental changes, they will require technological and social innovation to assist each other and support the world’s population.Human population growth possess a large number of effects on the Earth system, including:
Increasing the amount of natural resources that are generally extracted from the environment. Fossil fuels (gas, oil and coal), minerals, water, plants, and wildlife, particularly in the oceans, are among these resources. The removal of resources, in turn, frequently releases wastes and pollutants, lowering water and air quality and endangering human and other species’ health.
Increasing the amount of fossil fuels burned for energy generation, transportation (for example, vehicles and planes), and industrial activities.
Drinking, agriculture, recreation, and industrial operations all demand more freshwater. Lakes, rivers, the ground, and man-made reservoirs all provide freshwater.
Environmental consequences are becoming more severe. To accommodate rising people, forests and other habitats are disturbed or destroyed to build urban areas, including residences, businesses, and highways. Furthermore, as the population rises, more land is being used for agricultural purposes, like those of supporting livestock and growing crops. This, in turn, has the potential to reduce species populations, geographic ranges, biodiversity, and organism interactions.
Human Population and Environment
Human population dynamics and the environment are frequently considered as mechanistic interactions. In a variety of sectors, this review clarifies the intricacies and contextual peculiarities of population-environment linkages. It looks at how demographers and other social scientists have attempted to explain the connections between population dynamics (such as population size, growth, density, age and sex mix, migration, urbanisation, and vital rates) and environmental changes.
Population Size
There is no straightforward relationship between environmental change and population size. However, as the world’s population grows, the restrictions on global resources such as potable water, arable land, forests, and fisheries have become more apparent. Decreased acreage in the second half of the twentieth century contributed to growing concerns about global food production limits. In the twenty-first century, presuming constant rates of production, per capita land requirements for food production may approach the limitations of arable land. Similarly, ongoing population expansion occurs in the context of increasing water demand: between 1900 and 1995, global water consumption increased sixfold, more than nearly twice the rate of population growth.
Population Distribution
The way people are scattered around the world has an impact on the environment. Because of high fertility in many emerging regions and low fertility in industrialised regions, around 80 percent of the world’s population presently lies in developing countries. In addition, human migration is at an all-time high: the net flow of international migrants is between 2 million and 4 million per year, and 125 million individuals lived outside their natal country in 1996. Because so much of this migration is rural-to-urban, the Earth’s population is becoming increasingly urbanised. Only one-third of the world’s population resided in cities as recently as 1960.
The dispersal of humans around the world generally possesses three major environmental impacts. First, as less-developed regions deal with an increasing share of the population, pressures on already scarce resources increase. Second, migration affects the relative stresses on local environments, lessening in some areas while increasing in others. Finally, urbanisation frequently outpaces infrastructure and environmental restrictions, particularly in less-developed areas, resulting in excessive levels of pollution.
Population Composition
Because various population segments behave differently, composition can have an impact on the environment. The world population, for example, includes the greatest cohort of young people (age 24 and under) and the largest proportion of elderly individuals in history. Age affects migration proclivities. Young people are more prone to migrate than their elders, mostly because they are leaving their family homes in pursuit of fresh chances. As a result, given the comparatively big younger generation, we may see increased migration and urbanisation, as well as increased urban environmental issues.
Environment is a Global Challenge
Natural resources are under increasing strain as the new century begins, posing a threat to public health and development. Many locations are affected by water shortages, soil depletion, forest loss, air and water pollution, and shoreline damage. Improving living standards without damaging the environment is a global challenge as the world’s population expands.
The majority of developed economies are currently consuming resources faster than they can be replenished. Most developing countries with high population expansion are in desperate need of better living conditions. We humans use nature to meet our immediate wants.
Every environmental sector has either failed to develop or is deteriorating during the last decade:
Public Health: Each year, about 12 million people are killed by contaminated water and poor sanitation, the majority of whom live in underdeveloped nations. Nearly 3 million additional people are killed by air pollution. Heavy metals and other pollutants are also known to cause health issues.
Freshwater. Freshwater supplies are limited, yet demand is rising as the world’s population expands and per capita consumption rises. When the world’s population reaches 8 billion people in 2025, 48 countries with 3 billion people will experience food shortages.
Oceans and coastlines. High population density and urban expansion put strain on half of all coastal habitats. The oceans are becoming increasingly polluted. Ocean fisheries are overfished, and fish catches are decreasing.
Conclusion
Many individuals are concerned that unbridled population expansion would lead to environmental disaster. This is a reasonable fear, and a cursory examination of the evidence shows that as our population has grown, the health of our ecosystem has deteriorated. The Anthropocene epoch was coined by some scientists to define our time because of the influence of so many people on the earth. Unlike past geological epochs, which were named after various geological and climate processes, the proposed Anthropocene period is named after people and their activities’ significant influence on the environment. Humans are, in essence, a new global geophysical force.
