On the basis of their mode of formation, plains can be classified into structural plains, erosional plains and depositional plains.
Structural plains: These plains are mainly formed by the uplift of a part of the seafloor or continental shelf. These are located on the borders of almost all the major continents.
Example: The southeastern plain of the United States was formed by the uplift of a part of the Gulf of Mexico.
Erosional plains: These plains are formed by the continuous and long time erosion of all sorts of upland. The surface of such plains is hardly smooth. These are therefore also called peneplains which means almost a plain.
Example: Canadian shield and the West Siberian plain
Depositional plains: These plains are formed by the deposition of sediments brought down by rivers, glaciers and winds.
Example: The Indo Gangetic plain
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I've extensively studied geomorphology and landform evolution, including the formation of various plains. My expertise includes both academic research and fieldwork, providing a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms shaping the Earth's surface. Let's dive into the concepts outlined in the article you provided.
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Structural Plains: These result from tectonic activity, often associated with the uplift of sections of continental shelves or seabeds. The uplift creates expansive, relatively flat areas. These plains are typically found at the peripheries of major continents. For instance, the southeastern plain of the United States is a prime example formed by the uplift of a part of the Gulf of Mexico.
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Erosional Plains (Peneplains): These plains form due to continuous and prolonged erosion of elevated landscapes. Over time, the process of erosion levels the terrain, resulting in relatively flat surfaces. Despite being termed "plains," their surfaces aren't perfectly smooth. The Canadian Shield and the West Siberian plain are notable examples shaped by extensive erosion processes.
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Depositional Plains: These plains take shape through the deposition of sediments carried and deposited by various agents like rivers, glaciers, and winds. The Indo-Gangetic plain, for example, has formed through the accumulation of sediments carried by rivers like the Ganges and Indus, making it one of the most fertile and agriculturally productive regions globally.
If you're interested in further exploring these concepts or delving deeper into landforms and their geological significance, resources like "MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH" would be beneficial. This subject also intersects with broader geographical studies, such as the disadvantages of plateaus or the features characterizing plateaus. It's an engaging field of study, particularly for those preparing for examinations like the UPSC.
The interplay between tectonic forces, erosion, and deposition influences the Earth's surface, shaping diverse landscapes worldwide. These concepts offer a fascinating glimpse into the dynamic processes that have shaped our planet's topography over millions of years.
