Piranhas (2024)

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In the March 2018 Issue

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By Kathy Kranking

The mouthful of choppers above belongs to a red-bellied piranha. Below, you can see a school of red-bellies. They are one of the few kinds of piranhas that can sometimes be dangerous to people.

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These toothy fishes have a BIG bite and a BAD reputation.

You may have heard scary stories about piranhas (pihr-AH-nuhz). These fishes have razor sharp teeth and super-strong jaws. They’re often thought of as bloodthirsty killers, attacking other animals and even people! But do they really live up to their deadly image? Well, yes and no. But mostly, no.

Piranhas (5)Chew on This

So here’s the thing about piranhas: Although they do deserve some of their scary reputation, a lot of it is exaggerated. The piranha’s bad rap got its start in the early 1900s, when President Theodore Roosevelt visited South America (see map on page 31). After seeing a group of piranhas attack an animal, President Roosevelt described them as vicious killers. But it turned out that the fish had been kept in a small pool of water without food for days. They were starving, so they went crazy when they finally got food. But the image of piranhas as bloodthirsty “eating machines” has continued, showing up in stories, movies, and even video games.

The Toothy Truth

The true story about piranhas, though, is usually not so dramatic. Piranhas live mostly quiet lives in lakes, streams, and rivers. Depending on the species, they feed on insects, snails, fruit, seeds, and things they find that are already dead. A few kinds will ambush smaller fishes and gobble them up. But many kinds of piranhas get much of their food by just nipping at fishes’ tails and then swimming away with a mouthful of tail fin. So despite their fierce reputation, most piranhas are actually just a bunch of pesky fin-nippers!

Bite Club

But wait . . . there are certain times that a few species, especially the red-bellied piranha—the one usually seen in stories and movies—can be dangerous. For example, during the dry season, ponds and lakes have less water in them, so they become smaller. This means there are lots of piranhas in a smaller area, so there’s more competition for food. When that happens, piranhas can live up to their image, attacking anything that enters the water in what’s called a “feeding frenzy.” During the attack, the water looks as if it’s boiling, with fish darting in to take a bite, then moving away as other fish come forward to eat. The piranhas get so excited, they’ll even take bites out of each other! If people entered the water in these conditions, they would likely get bitten.

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Jaws Junior

Another time that piranhas can be dangerous is when they’re protecting their eggs or young. Some species lay their eggs on a river bottom or among plants. Then the male guards them, attacking anything that comes near.

Also, people who fish for piranhas and then handle them carelessly can be bitten. But attacks on humans by piranhas are still rare, and people often swim without getting bitten in waters where piranhas live.

The truth is, people are a lot more dangerous to piranhas than piranhas are to people. People catch piranhas and cook them to eat—they even use them to make piranha soup! If they don’t eat them, they stuff them to sell to tourists. They sell toothy piranha jaws, as well.

Snack Pack

Part of the image of piranhas attacking in a pack comes from the fact that they often stay together in a group. The truth is that they do this not to attack prey, but to stay safe from enemies. Lots of animals like to eat piranhas, including crocodiles, river dolphins, large fish, storks, egrets, and others. To them, piranhas aren’t scary at all!

So now you know the real story of piranhas—the facts and the fiction!

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    Piranhas (2024)

    FAQs

    Can you keep one red belly piranha in a 20 gallon tank? ›

    Baby piranhas can be kept temporarily in aquariums as small as 20 gallons, but in the long run, adults will need at least 100 gallons or more depending on how many you have. They will be less stressed and show their best colors in a well-decorated aquarium with a dark substrate and subdued lighting.

    Why are piranhas illegal? ›

    If introduced outside of their native range, piranhas would not only prey on native species, but compete with them for food and habitat as well, which could lead to a reduction in the abundance and diversity of native species. California native fish and amphibian populations would be especially at risk if piranha were ...

    How many piranhas are in a school? ›

    Red-bellied piranhas live in lakes and rivers in South America. They sometimes use their mighty mouths to gobble up other fish or animals such as shrimp, worms, and mollusks. They swim and hunt in shoals, or schools, that can include more than a hundred individuals.

    What is piranhas real name? ›

    red piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri) - Species Profile. Synonyms and Other Names: Pygocentrus altus Gill 1870, Serrasalmo ternetzi Steindachner 1908, Serrasalmus nattereri (Kner 1858); red-bellied piranha.

    What size tank do I need for 5 piranhas? ›

    Although for a group of small individuals a tank of capacity of 53 gallons should be sufficient, when they grow up, it will not. For a group of 5-7 adult piranhas the minimum tank's capacity should be 265 gallons and it should be at least 79 inch long.

    How much can 1 piranha eat? ›

    But, let's be generous and say that these piranha are really hungry and could eat 1/8th of their body weight in a feed (which is behavior that has been observed in the aquarium) — which would be 68 grams [2.4 oz] per fish.

    Has a piranha ever killed a person? ›

    In 2012, a five-year-old Brazilian girl was attacked and killed by a shoal of P. nattereri. In January 2015, a six-year-old girl was found dead with signs of piranha bites on part of her body after her family canoe capsized during a vacation in Monte Alegre, Brazil.

    Can piranhas bite through bone? ›

    “But the piranha is a short, deep-bodied fish, with a blunt face and a heavily undershot or projecting lower jaw which gapes widely. The razor-edged teeth are wedge-shaped like a shark's, and the jaw muscles possess great power. The rabid, furious snaps drive the teeth through flesh and bone.

    What is the most aggressive pet fish? ›

    1. Exodons. Exodons paradoxus (aka bucktooth tetra) is arguably one of the most aggressive fish you can add to your fish tank.

    Are piranha endangered? ›

    Piranhas are not endangered.

    How old can piranhas get? ›

    Adult piranhas are approximately 12 inches long and can weigh up to four pounds. A piranha's lifespan is up to 10 years.

    Are piranhas evil? ›

    In summary, while piranhas are carnivorous and can deliver painful bites, they are not inherently bloodthirsty creatures seeking out human prey. Piranha attacks on humans are infrequent and usually involve minor injuries. Check out what creatures are on display at SEA Life Manchester.

    Do mega piranhas still exist? ›

    Megapiranha is an extinct serrasalmid characin fish from the Late Miocene (8–10 million years ago) Ituzaingó Formation of Argentina, described in 2009. The type species is M. paranensis. It is thought to have been about 71 centimetres (28 in) in length and 10 kilograms (22 lb) in weight.

    What piranhas have been extinct for 2 million years? ›

    He explains that the piranha is a super-aggressive prehistoric species known as Pygocentrus nattereri, or the Original Piranha, previously believed to have been extinct for over two million years, and theorizes that they must have survived through cannibalism.

    Can piranhas live solo? ›

    Piranhas are "basically like regular fish with large teeth". A few other species may also occur in large groups, while the remaining are solitary or found in small groups.

    How big do red belly piranhas get in captivity? ›

    Size: They can reach lengths up to 15 inches (38 cm) but are typically six to eight inches (15-20 cm) and weigh up to three pounds (1.4 kg). Red-bellied piranhas can weigh seven or more pounds (3.2 kg).

    Can you own a red belly piranha? ›

    For example, states like California, Arizona, and Texas have enacted laws that explicitly prohibit the possession of piranhas due to concerns about their potential impact on local ecosystems and public safety.

    What is the smallest piranha? ›

    The wimple piranha, Catoprion mento, is a specialized, South American species of piranha that feeds on fish scales. There is some debate over whether or not this species is considered a true piranha. If considered a true piranha, it would be the smallest species of piranha in the world.

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