How much land on Earth is inhabited? - Curious Meerkat (2024)

How much land on Earth is inhabited? - Curious Meerkat (1)

10 July, 2016 by Claire Asher

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How much of the land on Earth is covered by humans? (Asked by Lynne)

Approximately 10%.

This question is an interesting one because, when my friend asked me the other day, I could tell her confidently that not only did science know the answer, science had multiple different ways to quantify that answer, but that I had absolutely no idea what it was.

Landcover is one key way that we can measure how much of the terrestrial environment has been covered by humans. Earth’s surface is about 500 million km2, but most of that (70.8%) is water, which we’re not really very good at. So ignoring oil rigs and the occasional cruise liner, we’re only talking about a total possible land surface to cover of roughly 149 million km2.

The thing is, landcover is something that is changing (and our technology to estimate it is improving) constantly, so even fairly recent estimates may already be out of date. A meta-analysis in 2011, which included 326 studies of urban landcover using remote sensing technology such as satellite images, found that urban landcover increased by nearly 60,000 km2 between 1970 and 2000.

How much land on Earth is inhabited? - Curious Meerkat (2)

In the year 2000, estimates suggest that globally, urban land covered somewhere between 700,000 and 3.5 million km2 – but that’s a pretty big margin of error. The meta-analysis found that the largest rates of increase in urban landcover were seen in India, China and Africa, while North America experienced the largest total change since 1970. In all regions, urban land expanded either faster or equivalent to population growth rates, suggesting our societies are also becoming more expansive.

Using data from 1970 to 2000, the researchers then tried to project future urban land cover change – their results predict that global urban landcover will increase by a further 1.5 million km2 by 2030. Over half-way to this prediction, where are we now?

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Landform

How much land on Earth is inhabited? - Curious Meerkat (3)

According to the FAO Global Land Cover SHARE database, produced in 2014, 0.6% of Earth’s land surface is defined as ‘Artificial surfaces‘. Artificial surfaces include any areas that have an artificial cover as a result of human activities such as construction (cities, towns, transportation), extraction (open mines and quarries) or waste disposal. This figure gives us an estimate of roughly 900,000 km2 of human-covered land worldwide. This suggests the lower end of the estimates made in 2000 were probably more accurate, and that we’ve still got a long way to go before we hit Seto and colleague’s projections!

However, even non-urban areas contain roads, train tracks, farms and other marks of human domination. The FAO GLC SHARE data shows that 12.6% of land is categorised as cropland. If we include this to our estimate of global human cover – we get a rather more sobering estimate of 19 million km2. In 2009, the European Commission’s Joint Research Center published a map in the World Bank’s World Development report, showing that 95% of the world’s population is concentrated in just 10% of the land surface. However, only 10% of land on Earth was considered ‘remote’ – more than 48 hours from a large city.

So on the one hand, you could say from these results that 10% of Earth is inhabited by humans. Or you could take a more glass half-empty view and say that 90% of Earth is covered by humans – either populated or connected with an ever-expanding network of roads, train tracks, highways, farms and industrial land. Only 10% of the world is truly wilderness.

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  • How much land on Earth is inhabited? - Curious Meerkat (4)

    By: Claire Asher

    Claire is a Freelance Science Writer and Communicator, and Innovation Officer for the London NERC Doctoral Training Partnership. She created Curious Meerkat in 2009, and has also written for a variety of publications including New Scientist, BBC Earth, Science, Nature, Mongabay, and The Scientist, as well as contributing to several books.. She completed her PhD in 2013 on the social behaviour of dinosaur ants.

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How much land on Earth is inhabited? - Curious Meerkat (2024)

FAQs

How much land on Earth is inhabited? - Curious Meerkat? ›

Answer: Approximately 10%. This question is an interesting one because, when my friend asked me the other day, I could tell her confidently that not only did science know the answer, science had multiple different ways to quantify that answer, but that I had absolutely no idea what it was.

How much of Earth's land is inhabited? ›

roughly 900,000 km^2 of human-covered land worldwide.” “So on the one hand, you could say from these results that 10% of Earth is inhabited by humans.

What is the habitable land area of the earth? ›

The total land surface area of Earth is about 57,308,738 square miles, of which about 33% is desert and about 24% is mountainous. Subtracting this uninhabitable 57% (32,665,981 mi2) from the total land area leaves 24,642,757 square miles or 15.77 billion acres of habitable land.

How much of Earth's land is unexplored? ›

In fact, even when disregarding our expansive undiscovered oceans, reportedly over 65% of the whole earth is unexplored; think Greenland! So, despite our constant intrigue of exploration and adventure as a human race, we have a lot more to discover.

Is there anywhere on Earth untouched by humans? ›

The Star Mountains Of Papua New Guinea

Northern Forest Complex is a 12,000-square-mile tract that runs along the border from India to China in Burma's Kachin State. Due to the regions isolation it is relatively untouched and unexplored by humans.

Is the Earth 30% land? ›

There are over 510 million square kilometers of area on the surface of Earth, but less than 30% of this is covered by land. The rest is water, in the form of vast oceans.

Is 70% of the Earth land? ›

As air all around us, water covered almost 71% of our earth's surface. The remaining 29 % of the earth is covered by land means soil, also a natural resource.

How long will Earth be habitable for humans? ›

Roughly 1.3 billion years from now, "humans will not be able to physiologically survive, in nature, on Earth" due to sustained hot and humid conditions. In about 2 billion years, the oceans may evaporate when the sun's luminosity is nearly 20% more than it is now, Kopparapu said.

What is about 50% of habitable land the land that humans can live in? ›

Despite this uncertainty, most analyses tend to conclude that close to half of habitable land is used for agriculture.

How many humans are on Earth? ›

World Population Clock: 8.1 Billion People (LIVE, 2024) - Worldometer.

Have we explored 100% of land? ›

Unlike the oceans, almost every place on land has been visited by people. By using new technology, scientists can now learn more about remote places that are difficult for us to travel to, such as areas that are very cold, very wet, very dry, or very high.

Have we explored 100% of Earth? ›

Almost 80% of the ocean has never been explored, mapped, or even seen by mankind. This is an unsettling thought on its own, not to mention the fact that 71% of the earth's surface is made up of water; almost 58% of the world is unknown to the human race (1).

What is the most untouched place in the world? ›

North Sentinel Island, part of the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean, has remained virtually untouched. A tribe of indigenous people, known as the Sentinelese, are believed to inhabit the remote island.

How much of US land is inhabited? ›

Only about 5% of the land has cities, towns, or roads. About half the land is completely undeveloped. Especially in the western half of the country which is mostly forest or mountainous with some desert in the southwest. The government owns about a third of the land, most of it national forests or parks.

What percent of the world has been stepped on? ›

What percentage of the earth's land mass has been walked on by humans throughout our entire existance? I would say nearly 95%, only parts of areas such as Antarctica and Greenland have regions where a human foot has not tread.

How much space would all humans take up? ›

So, with only room enough for each person to spin around with their arms extended, the entire human population could mathematically fit in an area the size of the largest island in the Hawaiian island chain, the Island of Hawai'i (10,430 km2)!

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