Binary numbers
Binary math powers everything a computer does, from creating and routing IP addresses to running a security client’s operating system. It’s a mathematical language that uses only the values “0” and “1” in combination.
Computer networks “speak” in binary, so cybersecurity professionals need to understand how it works. Fortunately, many computer science courses introduce students to binary as part of the curriculum.
Boolean algebra
Boolean algebra is used extensively in computer programming. It’s a kind of algebra that describes logical operations using two values, “true” (represented by the digit 0) and “false” (represented by the digit 1). Boolean algebra manipulates those values using the logical function AND and OR.
Unlike other forms of algebra, Boolean doesn’t involve any numerical calculations. The answer is either “yes” or “no,” which is why it’s been so useful in computer coding.
Many cybersecurity training programs require you to have some knowledge of programming languages like Python or Java. When you study computer science, you’ll learn the kinds of Boolean logic used in cybersecurity. While you can build that knowledge by earning a degree in computer science, remember that individual courses can catch you up to speed on foundational topics.
Complex numbers
If you studied linear algebra in high school or college, you may have encountered complex numbers. A complex number is a term that includes a numeral and the letter i, which stands for “imaginary.” An imaginary number is the square root of -1, because the principles of math don’t allow that number to exist.
Complex numbers pop up in various cybersecurity processes, so knowing them can give you an edge. You’ll learn about them if you study college algebra. Enroll in the DoaneX College Algebra course and start learning today.
Cryptography
Cryptography is the scientific discipline that underlies all of cybersecurity, information security, and network security. It uses math to encode communications and protect computer systems from unwanted intruders, while making sure that authorized users have the access they need.
The math used in cryptography can be very simple or highly advanced. More advanced cryptography is usually the domain of high-level engineers, who design and refine the complex algorithms that keep systems safe.
Cryptography is the kind of skill that you’ll use and develop throughout your cybersecurity career. To start out, it’s enough to grasp the basics.
Math and cybersecurity: What do you need to know and when?
An understanding of binary numbers, Boolean and linear algebra, and cryptography can help you in your pursuit of a cybersecurity career. These are also the math skills you’ll need if you want to work toward different cybersecurity certifications, which employers may look for from entry-level candidates.
You might eventually use more advanced skills if you become a cybersecurity scholar or higher-level cybersecurity engineer. By that point, you’ll have had plenty of time to develop your math knowledge.
You may also study advanced topics like calculus if you pursue an online master’s or bachelor’s degree, but doing so isn’t a requirement. Plenty of bootcamps and intensive online programs, including edX’s Professional Certificate in Essentials of Cybersecurity from UWashingtonX, will teach you the skills you need to succeed.
Getting started: Learning math in context with edX
Cybersecurity is a highly technical career field, but that doesn’t mean you need to be a math whiz to succeed. You can succeed with the math basics taught in computer science.
If you don’t have a computer science background, or if you need a refresher, edX’s computer science courses can teach you the math you need in the context you’ll use it. edX also offers a variety of math courses with skills applicable across disciplines, from algebra to data analysis. Learn more about edX math courses today, and get started on your way to a cybersecurity career.
FAQs
Binary math powers everything a computer does, from creating and routing IP addresses to running a security client's operating system. It's a mathematical language that uses only the values “0” and “1” in combination. Computer networks “speak” in binary, so cybersecurity professionals need to understand how it works.
How are numbers used in cyber security? ›
Number theory is at the heart of many cryptographic algorithms. Prime numbers, modular arithmetic, and other number-theoretic concepts form the basis for creating secure cryptographic systems. The difficulty of certain mathematical problems, such as factoring large numbers, contributes to the security of these systems.
Do you need maths A level for cyber security? ›
Cyber security undergraduate degrees in the UK generally require the study of mathematics, computer science, or another science/technology-based subject at A-Level or its international equivalent.
How is math used in information technology? ›
Modern technologies are based on various foundational principles and algorithms derived from math. Computer science uses various math logic and number theory to develop data structures and computer algorithms. Basic addition and multiplication are also the backbone of complex computer operations.
How is math used in cryptography? ›
Another important mathematical concept in cryptography is number theory, which is the study of the properties of whole numbers. Prime numbers are of particular importance, as they are used to generate cryptographic keys, which are used to encode and decode messages.
What is the role of math in cybersecurity? ›
Math enables the development of encryption algorithms that protect sensitive data. Concepts like modular arithmetic and prime numbers are used to create secure encryption methods, such as RSA and ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography).
How is discrete math used in cyber security? ›
Number theory is the foundation of cryptography, which uses encryption and decryption to disguise data as part of cyber security. The study of creating passwords and security structures for computers and other electronic systems is known as cryptography, and it is entirely based on discrete mathematics.
How much math is used in cyber security? ›
An understanding of binary numbers, Boolean and linear algebra, and cryptography can help you in your pursuit of a cybersecurity career. These are also the math skills you'll need if you want to work toward different cybersecurity certifications, which employers may look for from entry-level candidates.
What subject is needed for cyber security? ›
The entry requirements shall be at least credit level passes in five subjects including English Language, Mathematics and Physics to form the core subjects with credit in at least two relevant science subjects, at Senior Secondary School Certificate or its equivalent such as NECO, WAEC, and NABTEB.
Do I need a+ for cyber security? ›
Like A+, we don't think work experience is an absolute must and that with diligent studying, you can pass Security+. While many Security+ test takers first obtain the A+ certification, CompTIA doesn't require you to do so. That being said, taking A+ will benefit you when studying for Security+.
Linear algebra is used to design and build many computer systems, including graph visualizations, images, cryptography, and image processing. It speeds up machine learning and makes faster information retrieval possible.
How is math used in coding? ›
Concepts from discrete mathematics, such as graphs, trees, and combinatorics, help programmers understand and manipulate data structures effectively, ultimately leading to optimized algorithms.
Why math is needed in technology? ›
Math can be used to solve real-world problems, such as designing new medical treatments, improving transportation systems, and developing more efficient energy sources. In short, math is an essential tool for scientific and technological progress, and its importance cannot be overstated.
What kind of math is used in encryption? ›
In conclusion, mathematics provides the foundation for cryptography. The secure communication and protection of sensitive information rely on mathematical concepts and principles such as modular arithmetic, prime numbers, number theory, linear algebra, probability theory, and information theory.
How is algebra used in cryptology? ›
Introduction to Cryptography through a Linear Algebra Perspective Linear algebra serves as a useful tool in cryptography, permitting the manipulation of multiple variables simultaneously to create a unique and reversible output.
What is the number theory in cyber security? ›
Number theory is the basis for many encryption algorithms, including the RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) algorithm. RSA relies on the difficulty of factoring the product of two large prime numbers, making it extremely secure for encrypting sensitive data and communication.
How is number theory used in security? ›
Number theory is the basis for many encryption algorithms, including the RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) algorithm. RSA relies on the difficulty of factoring the product of two large prime numbers, making it extremely secure for encrypting sensitive data and communication.
What is 42 in cyber security? ›
The Unit 42™ Ransomware Readiness Assessment focuses on preparing you to better prevent, detect, respond to and recover from ransomware. Cyber Risk Assessment - Define the current state and target state of your security maturity, identify risks and gaps.
What is the role of random numbers in security? ›
True random numbers are at the heart of any secure system and their quality contributes to the security strength of designs. Many cryptographic operations require a source of random numbers, such as the creation of cipher keys and initial values for counters and protocol parameters.
What are magic numbers in cyber security? ›
A magic number is a number that is explicitly defined in the code of a computer program without detailing its purpose. The use of uncommented magic numbers is a sign of a poor programming style. An exception is signatures used to identify a specific object.
